Abstract:

There were some problems in rice production, such as the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy was not match, and the application of fertilizer was unreasonable, which greatly restricted the development of rice. In this study, Longgeng 21, a japonica rice variety in the cold region, was taken as the research material, and lateral deep fertilization technology was used as fertilization method. Under the condition that the amount of pure N （130 kg/hm2） was unchanged in the field, the effects of fertilization methods（S1, conventional fertilization; S2, organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer decrease 15% + side-deep fertilization; S3, side- deep fertilization） on yield and quality of japonica rice were studied. The results showed that S3 treatment significantly increased grain yield compared with S1 treatment, and the significant increase of effective panicles was the main factor for the increase of grain yield; milled rice quality of S2 treatment was significantly better than S1 and S3 treatment; chalky rice rate was S1>S3>S2, and the three fertilization treatments reached significant levels, with the chalkiness degree of S1 treatment significantly better than that of S3 and S2 treatment; amylose content of S2 treatment was significantly higher than S1 treatment; protein content showed that S1>S3>S2; taste quality was not affected by the change of fertilization methods. The results showed that side-deep fertilization could significantly increase the number of panicles per unit area, thus significantly increase grain yield, improve appearance quality and protein content of rice. Organic fertilizer N instead of part of chemical fertilizer N could significantly improve milling quality and appearance quality of rice, increase amylose content and reduce protein content.

Key words: rice;side-deep fertilization, yield, quality

摘要：

在水稻生产中，存在农机与农艺结合不紧密、肥料施用不合理等问题，极大的制约了水稻的发展。本研究以寒地粳稻品种龙粳21为试验材料，以侧深施肥作为施肥技术，设3种施肥方式（S1，常规施肥；S2，有机肥+减化肥N15%，侧深施基肥；S3，侧深施基肥），研究在施氮量不变（130 kg/hm2）的前提下，施肥方式对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明，S3处理较S1处理显著增产，这主要是由有效穗数显著增加引起；碾米品质S2处理显著优于S1、S3处理；垩白粒率表现为S1＞S3＞S2，处理间差异均达显著水平，垩白度表现为S1处理显著大于S3、S2处理；直链淀粉含量表现为S2处理显著大于S1处理；蛋白质含量表现为S1＞S3＞S2，处理间差异均达显著水平；施肥方式对食味品质的影响较小。可见，侧深施肥方式可显著提高水稻单位面积有效穗数，从而显著增加产量，并改善稻米的外观品质和降低蛋白质含量；有机肥N替代部分化肥N，可显著改善稻米碾磨品质和外观品质，增加直链淀粉含量和降低蛋白质含量。

关键词: 水稻, 侧深施肥, 产量, 品质